Friday, December 26, 2014

Forecast For 12-27-2014

Well, I hope this Christmas has found everyone well as we worship Jesus Christ, the Son of God, for his first advent and look forward to his second coming.

Previous Forecast Review:
The last forecast I issued was for Christmas Eve.
It was actually kind of an interesting day. The high was 50ºF which I am pretty happy about. The lowest temperature recorded in the 
three day history for KTKI Christmas Eve morning was only 40ºF. But my low forecast was “saved” by the very rapid drop in temperature that night. It actually reached 32ºF just before the clock struck 12:00 AM Christmas Day (which is a temperature bust for those who wanted to save their precious and tender vegetation). Wind speeds have been very tricky. The max winds for Christmas Eve were basically in the 20kt range with higher gusts. I’ve posted the sounding from the Fort Worth WFO showing the significantly mixed boundary layer at 6:00 AM. The mixing process clearly would have to have been wind driven and not thermally driven. (As the day progressed and thermal processes became more important the boundary layer did get deeper). This well mixed layer at the surface is what allowed for some of the faster winds aloft to be transported down to the surface and busted my wind forecast. Oh well…




Back to the forecast at hand…


Forecast (12:00 AM to 11:59 PM):
High: 56ºF       Low: 35ºF       Peak Wind: 23kts        Precipitation: 0.12”

Forecast Discussion:
I’ve made the assumption that the cold front will not reach KTKI before midnight tonight (seems highly likely given its very slow progress through central Oklahoma tonight) and therefore the high will simply be whatever the temperature happens to be at midnight. For that the skies will likely remain cloudy (though the western edge of the cloud cover almost reached KTKI) and winds may increase out of the south-southeast as the front approaches. These factors should prevent the temperature from dropping significantly and thus a mid-upper 50’s seems about right. Noted that both 12z GFS and 12z NAM MOS (model statistical output) had 56ºF at midnight.

Tomorrow will be a day of steady falling temperatures, strong post frontal winds, cloudy skies, and possible precipitation. The low temperature for the 27th will occur at 11:59 PM as continued cold air advection occurs. One of the trickiest parts of the forecast will be whether clouds and precipitation clear out in time to allow temperatures to plummet prior to midnight on the 28th. Winds will be lighter after dark tomorrow evening, but will still be decent and keep the low level air mixed to some extent. The GFS and NAM keep clouds over the area and do not clear them out till just after the period ends. Thus, I decided to lean towards another above freezing low. If clouds clear out just one hour sooner this will bust.

Precipitation is very tricky. As one might expect with such a warm and moist pre-frontal environment upstream from an upper level vorticity maxima, isentropic assent and positive DVA will aid in destabilizing the atmosphere and could allow for showers to develop along the front. The Fort Worth WFO has gone with a 40% chance for tonight into tomorrow morning with the GFS and NAM printing out about .1” of precipitation near McKinney. In addition, assent caused by positive DVA could yield a second batch of showers as the upper-level trough axis approaches. The NAM does not indicate this second precipitation event having much of an impact on precipitation amounts, but the GFS does (though the amount is very small). 

Just a quick note, the RAP has significantly more precipitation and thus went ahead and increased the expected amount. I am not going to wait around for the 00z runs to put this out there so here it goes! 





Tuesday, December 23, 2014

Experimental Forecast for Christmas Eve 2014


Forecast (12:00 AM to 11:59 PM):
High: 51ºF       Low: 34ºF       Peak Wind: 15kts        Precipitation: 0”

Discussion:
With the subsidence moving in in wake of the 500 mb vorticity maxima, the atmosphere should dry out allowing for clear skies and decent solar heating. 
The trickier part of this forecast will be the rate of continuing cold air advection tonight counteracted by continuous mixing of the boundary layer and insulating clouds. I don't think it will get to 34 degrees tonight but it may very well get that cold by 12:00 AM Christmas Day due to clear skies and light winds. Tomorrow, the wet ground will play some role in counteracting the heating but it looks like there is a decent chance to break 50ºF given it stays a little warmer tonight than the NAM indicates. I will keep the peak wind at 15 kts for this period.


For grading purposes see the 3 day history from the KTKI ASOS station.
These measurements tend to differ from what gets used in the climate report but it is all I can find to go off of for now.

Looks like the high for yesterday was 54ºF, the low 44ºF (so far), the peak wind 22 kts, and the precipitation 0.47".

It will be interesting to see if the low will drop below 44ºF just before midnight tonight.
And given that precipitation is generally the most difficult thing to forecast I am pretty happy with 0.47". 

Monday, December 22, 2014

Experimental Forecast for 12-23-2014

I thought that it would be fun to try to do daily forecasts during Winter Break so that I could keep up with all that I was supposed to have learned this past semester. 

So, to begin…
Location will be Collin County Regional Airport (KTKI) because of the ASOS weather observation station located there.

Forecast (12:00 AM to 11:59 PM):
High: 53ºF       Low: 42ºF       Peak Wind: 15kts        Precipitation: 0.53”

Discussion:
Nearly stationary long wave trough situated over the Central United States should amplify over the next 24 hours and bring strong enough assent over North Central Texas for some precipitation. This will be due to cyclonic vorticity advection (CVA) into the base of the trough axis and cold air advection in the low levels across the high plains in the Surface to 700 mb layer (noted to be strongest at 850 mb). Clouds have already overspread North Texas as of 6:00 PM in association with the vorticity maxima over Colorado and the left exit region of a jet streak aloft.
Weak cold air advection at the surface will be ongoing at the start of the forecast period with winds out of the northwest. However, clouds and precipitation should keep the low from dipping into the upper 30’s early tomorrow morning. The high will be considerably lower tomorrow than it was today given the weak cold air advection and cloudy skies.
The tricky part of the forecast period will be the low temperature that could occur by midnight Christmas Eve. That is dependent on when the sky clears and how much cold air advection is still taking place (and mixing of the boundary layer due to wind). For now think that the temperature will not drop below 42ºF before the period ends.
Went with a little over a half inch of precipitation given the very crude estimations from the GFS and NAM. It would appear that the main cause of the precipitation is a maximum in differential vorticity advection (DVA) in the 700 mb – 500 mb layer that progresses across North Texas. Both models have an enhanced swath of over a half inch (though the 18z runs have backed off of this slightly) running from southwest to northeast across the region surrounding the DFW area. Not sure what kind of mesoscale feature would be associated with this other than the center of positive DVA. The rain should move out of the area by noon as the area of strongest DVA exits the region.